![]() ![]() Typical handheld irradiance meters have low-level measurement limitations. Solar irradiance is measured in watts per meter 2 (W/m 2) and light illuminance in the unit of lux (lx). A simple and cost-effective method to measure low solar irradiance would support this research. ![]() Of concern is how to effectively measure the performance of PV solar cells and modules under low solar light conditions. A key issue in PV system operation is the ability to measure performance effectively. Harvesting of electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) systems is an essential part of renewable energy development. Solar Irradiance of 1 Sun (1000 W/m 2) for an LED-based solar simulator is (116 ± 3) klx and (122 ± 1) klx for outdoor sunlight. The conversion factor includes standards data, equipment calibration accuracy, and uncertainty estimates. This manuscript explores the relationship and establishes a theoretical and laboratory measurement guide for the conversion between solar irradiance and illuminance. Peer-reviewed literature contains Luminous Efficacy equivalent values ranging from 21 to 131 lx per W/m 2. Easy-to-find Internet sources contain conflicting and widely varying values ranging from 688449 to 21000 lx for 1000 W/m 2 (1 Sun) of solar irradiance. A survey of the literature found no definitive and readily available “rule of thumb” conversion standard between solar irradiance and illuminance. ![]() An effective conversion factor between W/m 2 and lx would enable the use of light meters to evaluate photovoltaic performance under low solar irradiance conditions. With a lower cost and higher sensitivity in low light conditions, light meters measure luminous flux per unit area (illuminance) utilizing the units of lumens per meter squared or lux (lx). Irradiance meters are both costly and limited in the ability to measure low irradiance values. The standard for measuring solar irradiance utilizes the units of watts per meter squared (W/m 2). ![]()
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